Morphological and behavioral defenses in dragonfly larvae: trait compensation and cospecialization

Morphological and behavioral defenses in dragonfly larvae: trait compensation and cospecialization

Many animals have two basic traits for avoiding being killed by a predator: behavioral modification and morphological defense. We examined the relationship between antipredator behavior and morphological defense in larvae of three closely related dragonfly species within the genus Leucorrhinia. The three species differ with regard to their morphological defense as expressed in the length of the...

Trait compensation and cospecialization in a freshwater snail: size, shape and antipredator behaviour.

We examined relationships between individual differences in antipredator behaviour and prey morphological characters (size, shape) that influence prey vulnerability. Behavioural responses of Physa gyrina to chemical cues associated with predation by crayfish Orconectes rusticus, were assayed in the laboratory for 6 days over a 13-day period. Snails displayed consistent, individually repeatable ...

Patterns of ventilation in dragonfly larvae.

Respiration in the aquatic larvae of anisopteran dragonilies is of interest from a comparative point of view in that it utilizes a tidal ventilation mechanism in an aquatic medium. In most animals where water is the respiratory medium the flow over the respiratory surfaces is generally undirectional and this probably requires less energy for the extraction of a given amount of oxygen. Tidal or ...

Anal valve movement and normal ventilation in aeshnid dragonfly larvae.

Morphological, Behavioral and Reproductive Inducible Defenses in Two Species of Intertidal Gastropods

...........................................................................................iv Acknowledgements...............................................................................viii List of Figures....................................................................................x List of Tables.....................................................................................xiv...